What is Ductal Carcinoma in Situ?

Ductal Carcinoma in Situ
Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: different nuclear grades and comedonecrosis.A - Low grade ductal carcinoma in situ, cribriform type, showing uniform cells with mild atypia. Hematoxylin and eosin, x200. B – Intermediate grade ductal carcinoma in situ, showing cells with mild a moderate atypia and focal necrosis. Hematoxylin and eosin, x200. C – High grade ductal carcinoma in situ, solid type, showing severe atypical cells, without necrosis. Hematoxylin and eosin, x400. D – High grade ductal carcinoma in situ, solid type with extensive comedonecrosis. Hematoxylin and eosin, x200.Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: correlation between histopathological features and age of patients. Perez AA, Balabram D, Salles Mde A, Gobbi H - Diagnostic pathology (2014). Not Altered. CC.

Ductal carcinoma in situ is a neoplastic proliferation of mammary ductal epithelial cells confined to the ductal-lobular system without evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.

What is the Pathology of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ?

The pathology of ductal carcinoma in situ is:

-Etiology: The cause of ductal carcinoma in situ is not clear, but is thought to be due to genetic mutations occur in the DNA of breast duct cells.

-Genes involved: Mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2.

-Pathogenesis: The sequence of events that lead to ductal carcinoma in situ is the high estrogen states, such as use of oral contraceptive (OC) pills, nulliparity, advanced age at first birth, and also family history and genetic mutations.

-Morphology: The morphology associated with ductal carcinoma in situ may be a lump.

-Histology: The morphology associated with ductal carcinoma in situ shows cohesive sheets and aggregates. Microcalcifications may be present.

How does Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Present?

Patients with ductal carcinoma in situ typically are female present at age range of 50 – 59 years. The symptoms, features, and clinical findings associated with ductal carcinoma in situ include that majority are non-palpable and detected mammographically as microcalcifications.

How is Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Diagnosed?

Ductal carcinoma in situ is diagnosed by screening and diagnostic mammography, with final diagnosis confirmed by biopsy.

How is Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Treated?

Ductal carcinoma in situ is treated by breast conserving surgery alone or breast conserving surgery with radiotherapy or mastectomy and the adjuvant therapy.

What is the Prognosis of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ?

The prognosis of ductal carcinoma in situ is good and patients diagnosed with DCIS have an excellent long-term breast-cancer-specific survival.

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Last updated on May 27, 2022