Pathology Study Guides
Pathology
Pathology is the study of disease. Pathology involves understanding structural, functional, biochemical, and molecular alterations that...
Growth Adaptations Pathology Study Guide
Growth Adaptations Pathology Study Guide
Growth Adaptations An organ ideally exists in homeostasis with the physiologic stress that it is...
Cellular Pathology Study Guides
Free Radicals Pathology Study Guide
Free Radicals Free radicals are chemical compounds that have unpaired electrons in their outer shell...
Cell Injury Pathology Study Guide
Cell Injury When stress exceeds a cell’s ability to adapt, cell injury may occur. The...
Cell Death Pathology Study Guide
Cell Death The hallmarks of cell death is loss of the cell nucleus. The mechanism...
Necrosis Pathology Study Guide
Necrosis Pathology Study Guide
Necrosis Necrosis is the premature pathologic death of cells in living tissue. Acute inflammation can...
Amyloidosis Pathology Study Guide
Amyloidosis Pathology Study Guide
Amyloidosis Amyloid refers to various fibrous, extracellular, proteinaceous deposits. Amyloidosis is the abnormal buildup of...
Inflammation Pathology Study Guide
Inflammation Pathology Study Guide
Inflammation Inflammation enables fluid, plasma proteins (such as complement), and inflammatory cells to leave blood...
Wound Healing Pathology Study Guide
Wound Healing Pathology Study Guide
Wound Healing When inflammation starts, the healing process is initiated. Healing occurs as a result...
Primary Immunodeficiency Pathology Study Guide
Primary Immunodeficiency Pathology Study Guide
Primary Immunodeficiency Primary immune deficiency diseases (PIDDs) are uncommon immune system-damaging hereditary illnesses. Primary immune...
Autoimmune Disorders Pathology Study Guide
Autoimmune Disorders Pathology Study Guide
Autoimmune Disorders Characterized by tissue damage caused by the immune system. In the US, the...
Neoplasia Pathology Study Guide
Neoplasia Pathology Study Guide
Neoplasia Neoplasia means new growth. Neoplasia begins as a single mutated cell. Prior to the...
Hemostasis Pathology Study Guides
Thrombosis and Embolism Pathology Study Guide
Thrombosis Pathologic development of an intravascular blood clot may result in a thrombus. Thrombosis may...
Secondary Hemostasis Pathology Study Guide
Secondary Hemostasis The whole point of secondary hemostasis is to stabilize the platelet plug. The...
Primary Hemostasis Pathology Study Guide
Primary Hemostasis Step 1: Transient Vasoconstriction of Damaged Vessel A vascular spasm is activated which...
Other Disorders of Hemostasis Pathology Study Guide
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia Heparin induced thrombocytopenia is the destruction of platelets that results from heparin...
Hemostasis Pathology Study Guide
Hemostasis The body’s natural response to an injury that stops the bleeding and fixes the...
Anemia Pathology Study Guides
Normocytic Anemia Pathology Study Guide
Normocytic Anemia Normocytic anemia is anemia with normal sized red blood cells (MCV = 80...
Microcytic Anemia Pathology Study Guide
Microcytic Anemias Anemia with MCV < 80 fL/m3 Microcytic anemias are due to decreased production...
Macrocytic Anemia Pathology Study Guide
Macrocytic Anemia Microcytic anemia is anemia with MCV > 100 micrometer3. Microcytic anemia is usually...
Anemia Pathology Study Guide
Anemia Anemia is characterized by the reduction in circulating red blood cell (RBC) mass. Anemia...
Leukemia and Lymphoma Pathology Study Guides
Plasma Cell Disorder Pathology Study Guide
Plasma Cell Disorders (Dyscrasias) Plasma cell disorders are also known as plasma cell dyscrasias. Examples...
Myeloproliferative Disorders Pathology Study Guide
Myeloproliferative Disorders Myeloproliferative disorders are neoplastic proliferation of myeloid cells. Myeloproliferative disorders typically occur in...
Lymphoma Pathology Study Guide
Lymphadenopathy (LAD) Large lymph nodes are referred to as lymphadenopathy (LAD). Typically, lymph nodes that...
Leukopenia and Leukocytosis Pathology Study Guide
Leukopenia and Leukocytosis Hematopoiesis is a stepwise maturation of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. From the...
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Pathology Study Guide
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis The skin is the primary location of Langerhans cells, which are specialized...
Chronic Leukemia Pathology Study Guide
Chronic Leukemia Chronic leukemia involves leukemia of mature blood cells. Chronic leukemia is typically insidious...
Acute Leukemia Pathology Study Guide
Acute Leukemia Acute leukemia is the neoplastic proliferation of blast cells. The abnormal blood cells...
Vascular Pathology Study Guides
Vasculitis Pathology Study Guide
Vasculitis Vasculitis is inflammation of the blood vessel wall. The arterial wall is made of...
Vascular Tumors Pathology Study Guide
Vascular Tumors Vascular tumors are abnormal growths of vascular tissue. Vascular tumors include: Hemangioma A...
Vascular Pathology Study Guide
Vascular pathology refers to disorders that effect the vascular system. Key take home points to...
Valvular Disorders Pathology Study Guide
Valvular Disorders The heart has four valves: The cardiac valves ideally prevent backflow. Valvular lesions...
Hypertension Pathology Study Guide
Hypertension A blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or greater indicates high blood pressure, aka hypertension...
Arteriosclerosis, Aortic Dissection and Aneurysm Pathology Study Guide
Arteriosclerosis Arteriosclerosis is due to the blood artery wall thickening, literally “hard arteries.” The types...
Cardiac Pathology Study Guides
Ischemic Heart Disease Pathology Study Guide
Ischemic Heart Disease Ischemic heart disease is a group of syndromes associated with myocardial ischemia...
Heart Failure Pathology Study Guide
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Congestive heart failure is pump failure of the heart. Congestive heart...
Endocarditis Pathology Study Guide
Endocarditis Endocarditis is inflammation of the endocardium. Endocarditis is typically brought on by a bacterial...
Congenital Heart Defects Pathology Study Guide
Congenital Heart Defects Congenital heart defects occur throughout embryogenesis (usually weeks 3 through 8). Congenital...
Cardiomyopathy Pathology Study Guide
Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy is a progressive heart disease that may affect heart function. Examples of cardiomyopathy...
Cardiac Tumors Pathology Study Guide
Cardiac Tumors Cardiac tumors are neoplastic conditions that effect the heart. Cardiac tumors to be...
Central Nervous System Pathology Study Guides
Traumatic Brain Injuries Pathology Study Guide
Epidural Hematoma An epidural hematoma develops when blood accumulates between the skull and dura mater...
Spinal Cord Pathology Study Guide
Spinal Cord Lesions Spinal cord lesions are pathologic issues that effect the spinal cord. Examples...
Meningitis Pathology Study Guide
Meningitis Meningitis is the technical term for inflammation of the leptomeninges. The leptomeninges are made...
Cerebrovascular Disease Pathology Study Guide
Cerebrovascular Disease Cerebrovascular disease is a significant source of morbidity and mortality due to cerebrovascular...
Central Nervous System Tumors Pathology Study Guide
CNS Tumors Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are abnormal growths that involve the central nervous...
Central Nervous System Developmental Pathology Study Guide
Central Nervous System Developmental Anomalies Neural Tube Defects The incomplete closure of the neural tube...
Peripheral Nervous System Pathology Study Guides
Neurodegenerative Disorders Pathology Study Guide
Neurodegenerative Disorders Neurodegenerative disorders are degenerative conditions that effect the central nervous system (CNS). In...
Demyelinating Disorders Pathology Study Guide
Demyelinating Disorders Demyelinating disorders are pathologic conditions due to the degeneration of myelin. Axons are...
Pulmonary Pathology Study Guides
Restrictive Lung Diseases Pathology Study Guide
Restrictive Lung Diseases Restrictive lung diseases are characterized by restricted filling of the lung where...
Respiratory Distress Syndrome Pathology Study Guide
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is due to damage to the...
Pulmonary Infections Pathology Study Guide
Pulmonary Infections Pulmonary infections are disease of the lungs due to microorganisms. Pulmonary infections include:...
Pulmonary Hypertension Pathology Study Guide
Pulmonary Hypertension Pulmonary hypertension refers to a form of high blood pressure that affects the...
Pleura Pathology Study Guide
Pleura pathology involves abnormalities of the pleura. Pleura pathology includes: Pneumothorax Pneumothorax is air buildup...
Nasopharynx and Larynx Pathology Study Guide
Nasopharynx Rhinitis Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Adenoviruses are the most commonly known...
Lung Cancer Pathology Study Guide
Lung Cancer In the United States of America (USA), lung cancer is the cancer that...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathology Study Guide
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Airflow obstruction from the lungs is a symptom of chronic...
Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Guides
Stomach Pathology Study Guide
Stomach pathology includes: Gastroschisis Gastroschisis is a congenital malformation of the anterior abdominal wall results...
Small Bowel Pathology Study Guide
Small bowel pathology includes: Duodenal Atresia Duodenal atresia is due to a congenital failure of...
Salivary Gland Pathology Study Guide
Salivary Gland Pathology Saliva is produced by exocrine salivary glands, which are found inside the...
Oral Cavity Pathology Study Guide
Oral cavity pathology includes: Cleft Lip The five facial prominences grow and usually unite to...
Esophagus Pathology Study Guide
Esophagus pathology includes: Tracheoesophageal Fistula A tracheoesophageal fistula is a congenital abnormality. The most typical...
Colon Pathology Study Guide
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic, recurrent inflammation of bowel. Inflammatory...
Hepatobiliary Pathology Study Guides
Liver Pathology Study Guide
Jaundice Jaundice is yellow discoloration of the skin due to liver injury. The first indication...
Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Pathology Study Guide
Gallbladder and biliary tract pathology includes: Biliary Atresia Biliary atresia is due to failure of...
Kidney Pathology Study Guides
Urinary Tract Infections Pathology Study Guide
Urinary Tract Infections Urinary tract infections are infection of the urethra, bladder, or kidney. Urinary...
Nephrotic Syndrome Pathology Study Guide
Nephrotic Syndrome Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria and glomerular disorders leading to hypoalbuminemia-pitting edema...
Nephritic Syndrome Pathology Study Guide
Nephritic Syndrome Nephritic syndromes are characterized by bleeding. Nephritic syndromes show glomerular inflammation and bleeding...
Kidney and Bladder Neoplasia Pathology Study Guide
Kidney and bladder neoplasia includes: Angiomyolipoma Angiomyolipoma is a disorder where benign kidney tumors develop...
Congenital Pathology of the Kidney Pathology Study Guide
Congenital pathology of the kidney are disorders that effect the kidneys at birth. Congenital pathology...
Chronic Renal Failure Pathology Study Guide
Chronic Renal Failure Chronic renal failure is end-stage kidney failure. Chronic renal failure is caused...
Acute Renal Failure Pathology Study Guide
Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Acute renal failure (ARF) is the acute, severe decrease in renal...
Female Reproductive Tract Pathology Study Guides
Vulva Pathology Study Guide
Vulva The skin and mucosa of the female genitalia external to the hymen, including the...
Vagina Pathology Study Guide
Vagina The vagina is the canal that leads to the cervix. The vagina is lined...
Uterus Pathology Study Guide
Uterus The uterus is responsible for incubating human life. The mucosal lining of the uterus...
Ovary Pathology Study Guide
Ovary The follicle is the ovary’s functional unit. An oocyte and granulosa and theca cells...
Gestational Pathology Study Guide
Gestational pathology is pathology of the placenta or embryo. Gestational pathology includes: Ectopic Pregnancy Ectopic...
Cervix Pathology Study Guide
Cervix The cervix refers to the uterus neck. The cervix is comprised of: Nonkeratinizing squamous...
Breast Pathology Study Guide
Breast Pathology Study Guide
Breast The breast is essentially a modified sweat gland embryologically derived from the skin. The...
Male Reproductive Tract Pathology Study Guides
Testicle Pathology Study Guide
Testicle pathology refers to lesions, disorders, and tumors that affect the testes. Testicle pathology includes:...
Prostate Pathology Study Guide
Prostate The prostate is a small, round gland in men that helps in the production...
Penis Pathology Study Guide
Penis pathology refers to lesions or abnormalities of the penis. Penis pathology includes: Hypospadias Hypospadias...
Endocrine Pathology Study Guides
Thyroid Gland Pathology Study Guide
Thyroid gland pathology includes: Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Thyroglossal duct cyst is a cystic dilation of...
Posterior Pituitary Gland Pathology Study Guide
Posterior Pituitary Gland The hypothalamus produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which are subsequently sent...
Parathyroid Gland Pathology Study Guide
Parathyroid Glands The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH). Parathyroid hormone (PTH): Primary Hyperparathyroidism A...
Pancreas Pathology Study Guide
Exocrine Pancreas The exocrine pancreas is responsible for secretion of ions, water, and digestive enzymes into...
Endocrine Pathology Study Guide
The Endocrine System The body’s ability to convert calories into energy that fuels cells and...
Anterior Pituitary Gland Pathology Study Guide
Pituitary Adenoma Pituitary adenoma is a benign tumor of anterior pituitary cells. Pituitary adenomas may...
Adrenal Gland Pathology Study Guide
Adrenal Cortex The largest and outermost portion of an adrenal gland is called the adrenal...
Musculoskeletal Pathology Study Guides
Soft Tissue Tumors Pathology Study Guide
Lipoma A lipoma is a benign tumor composed of adipose tissue that typically develops just...
Skeletal Muscle Pathology Study Guide
Skeletal muscle pathology is the study of diseases and disorders that effect skeletal muscle. In...
Joint Pathology Study Guide
Joint pathology is the study of diseases and disorders that effect the joints. In this...
Bone Pathology Study Guide
Bone Pathology Achondroplasia Achondroplasia literally means without chondrocyte growth. A-chondro-plasia. Achondroplasia is characterized by decreased...
Skin Pathology Study Guide
Skin Pathology Study Guide
Skin The skin serves as a defense against fluid loss and environmental irritants. Skin is...
