What is Osteopenia?

Osteopenia
Bone loss at interdental sites was categorized as horizontal or vertical bone loss. (A) If the slope angle between the root and interdental bone wall was 90°±10° on radiographs, the defect was designated as horizontal bone loss. (B) If the angle of bone loss was between 25° and 37°, the defect was designated as vertical bone loss. A1, CEJ; B1, the top of the crest; C1, the top of the proximal bone crest of the adjacent tooth; D1, the bottom of the bone defect. Effect of root planing on the reduction of probing depth and the gain of clinical attachment depending on the mode of interproximal bone resorption. Choi YM, Lee JY, Choi J, Joo JY - Journal of periodontal & implant science (2015). Not Altered. CC.

Osteopenia is a decrease in bone mineral density below normal reference values, yet not low enough to meet the diagnostic criteria to be considered osteoporotic.

What is the Pathology of Osteopenia?

The pathology of osteopenia is:

-Etiology: The etiology of osteopenia is aging. 

-Genes involved: There are no genetic factors involved in osteopenia.

-Pathogenesis: The sequence of events that lead to osteopenia occurs secondary to uncoupling of osteoclast-osteoblast activity, resulting in a quantitative decrease in bone mass. 

How does Osteopenia Present?

Patients with osteopenia typically affect females 4 times more than males present in the post-menopausal age group. The symptoms, features, and clinical findings associated with osteopenia are not appreciable, except for an increased propensity of getting fractures in severe cases. 

How is Osteopenia Diagnosed?

Osteopenia is diagnosed by the DXA scans.

How is Osteopenia Treated?

Osteopenia is treated with calcium supplements, a healthy diet, and exercise. 

What is the Prognosis of Osteopenia?

The prognosis of osteopenia is good if diet and exercise recommendations are followed. 

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Last updated on May 27, 2022