What is Rheumatic Heart Disease?

Rheumatic Heart Disease
Histologic and immunohistochemical findings of the rheumatic mitral valves. (A) Rheumatic mitral valves showed severe fibrosis and distorted architecture (H&E, ×40). (B) A high-power view demonstrated small thin-walled vessels and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration (H&E, ×200). (C) High TGF-β1 expression was seen in the endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells of the vessels, in the perivascular interstitial cells, and stroma of the valves (×200). (D) Myofibroblasts that were positive for SMA immunostaining were present in the subendothelial densely fibrotic area (×40). Overexpression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in the valvular fibrosis of chronic rheumatic heart disease. Kim L, Kim do K, Yang WI, Shin DH, Jung IM, Park HK, Chang BC - Journal of Korean medical science (2008). Not Altered. CC.

Rheumatic heart disease is an inflammatory disease that follows an S. pyogenes infection.

What is the Pathology of Rheumatic Heart Disease?

Rheumatic heart disease pathology involves the cardiac valves, commonly affecting the mitral valve causing leaflet thickening and fibrosis leading to stenosis or regurgitation. Thrombotic vegetation is seen in acute phases while in chronic, fused commissures, valve thickening and calcification is observed. 

How does Rheumatic Heart Disease Present?

Rheumatic heart disease presentation involves the heart, joints, CNS, subcutaneous and skin. Fever, swollen joints, nodules, rashes, chest discomfort, and weakness may be noted. 

How is Rheumatic Heart Disease Diagnosed?

Rheumatic heart disease is diagnosed with 2D echo, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, MRI and blood tests. 

How is Rheumatic Heart Disease Treated?

Rheumatic heart disease treatment includes preventing the disease by properly treating strep infections. Treatment of advanced damage is surgical repair/replacement of the affected valve. 

What is the Prognosis of Rheumatic Heart Disease?

The prognosis of rheumatic heart disease is poor due to possible progression after repair. 

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Last updated on May 27, 2022