What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Inflammatory Bowel Disease
HIF and NF-κB crosstalk in inflammatory bowel disease. In IBD, the intestinal mucosa is characterised by hypoxic and inflammatory regions (in blue and red, respectively). HIF-1α is activated in hypoxia, and acts as a protective barrier by inhibiting apoptosis of epithelial cells, enhancing the barrier-protective genes, and by promoting the apoptosis in neutrophils. Inflammation leads to the activation of NF-κB, which is involved in the expression of inflammatory cytokines that can lead to inflammation and/or NF-κB activation. HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease. The role of hypoxia in inflammatory disease (review). Biddlestone J, Bandarra D, Rocha S - International journal of molecular medicine (2015). Not Altered. CC.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a term for two conditions Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis that are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal GI tract. Prolonged inflammation results in damage to the GI tract. 

What is the Pathology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

The pathology of inflammatory bowel disease is:

-Etiology: The cause of inflammatory bowel disease is defective immune system.

-Genes involved: None.

-Pathogenesis: The sequence of events that lead to inflammatory bowel disease are: the presence of pathogenic factors such as abnormal gut microbiota, immune response dysregulation, environmental changes, and gene variants. an aberrant immune response in which antibodies are formed against colonic epithelial protein.

-Histology: The histology associated with inflammatory bowel disease shows mucosal architecture, lamina propria and submucosal cellularity, neutrophil granulocyte infiltration, and epithelial abnormality.

How does Inflammatory Bowel Disease Present?

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease typically females, present at age older than 20 years. The symptoms, features, and clinical findings associated with inflammatory bowel disease include persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding/bloody stools, weight loss, and fatigue.

How Is Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diagnosed?

Inflammatory bowel disease is diagnosed by endoscopy, colonoscopy, contrast radiography, magnetic resonance imaging MRI, or computed tomography CT

How is Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated?

Inflammatory bowel disease is treated by aminosalicylates, antibiotics, corticosteroids, and immunomodulators.   

What is the Prognosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

The prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease is good. Most patients with inflammatory bowel disease are able to lead a normal life and are not disabled by their disease.

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Last updated on May 25, 2022