Chronic rhinitis is a sequel to recurrent attacks of acute rhinitis, whether microbial or allergic in source, with the ultimate advance of superimposed microbial infection.

What is the Pathology of Chronic Rhinitis?

The pathology of chronic rhinitis is:

-Etiology: The cause of chronic rhinitis is either whether microbial (adenoviruses) or allergic in the source which attacks recurrently. 

-Genes involved: None.

-Pathogenesis: The sequence of events that lead to chronic rhinitis follows the repeated attacks of allergic rhinitis or non-allergic rhinitis. 

-Histology: The histology associated with chronic rhinitis shows desquamation and ulceration of the mucosal epithelium and neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells subjacent to the epithelium. Glandular and goblet cell hyperplasia may also be present. 

How does Chronic Rhinitis Present? 

Patients with chronic rhinitis typically both males and females affected in equal proportions. Present at age range of 21-30 years which is its pick determine age range of people typically affected). The symptoms, features, and clinical findings associated with chronic rhinitis include those of acute rhinitis. Rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, postnasal drainage, repetitive sneezing, snoring, frequent sore throat, constant clearing of the throat, and cough may also be present.

How is Chronic Rhinitis Diagnosed? 

Chronic rhinitis is diagnosed through medical history- recurrent rhinitis throughout. no definitive laboratory studies though may include those of rhinitis; skin-prick testing, Serum allergen-specific IgE testing, nasal smear, and cell blood count with differential are laboratory studies when history is relevant.

How is Chronic Rhinitis Treated? 

Chronic rhinitis is treated the same way as acute rhinitis which includes; medical care- nasal/oral corticosteroids, saline nasal irrigation. Analgesics, oral-systemic decongestants. Surgical treatment is not recommended. Only when there are polyps or suggestively deviated nasal septum triggering nasal congestion.

What is the Prognosis of Chronic Rhinitis?

The prognosis of chronic rhinitis is good as with other rhinitis. Advantageous if underlying causative factors are addressed and treated early.