Vascular Tumors Pathology Study Guide

Juvenile Hemangiomas aka Infantile Hemangioma Clinical Picture

Juvenile Hemangiomas aka Infantile Hemangioma Clinical Picture. A discrete proliferating infantile hemangioma on the forehead (A), scalp (B), cheek (C), and upper lip (D) of affected infants. Biology of infantile hemangioma. Itinteang T, Withers AH, Davis PF, Tan ST - Frontiers in surgery (2014). Not altered. CC.

Vascular Tumors

Vascular Tumors Pathology Video

Vascular tumors are abnormal growths of vascular tissue.

Vascular tumors include:

Hemangioma
Angiosarcoma
Kaposi sarcoma

Vascular Tumors. A pyogenic granuloma on a thumb. Makotosan - Not altered CC BY-SA 3.0
Vascular Tumors. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma Not altered CC BY-SA 3.0

Hemangioma

A hemangioma is a benign tumor made up of blood vessels.

Hemangiomas often present on newborns at birth, and often degenerates during childhood.

Hemangiomas most commonly affect the skin and liver, although they may effect other organs.

Vascular Tumors.Small hemangioma on the scalp of a two year old female. Cbheumircanl. Not altered. Public Domain
Hemangioma. Hemangioma on a child's arm. Aneestrz -Not altered. CC BY-SA 3.0
Gross lesions and Histopathology (haematoxylin and eosin staining). (a) Hemangioma on the body surface. JS09GY2 case was showed. (b) Hepatorrhexis in JS09GY3 case caused by hemangioma in liver. (c) Spleen of JS09GY6 showing different staged hemangiomas. Myeloid cells aggregations were found around the hemangiomas (H&E stain, 200×). (d) Myeloid cells in the interstitium of the hemangioma of JS09GY2 (H&E stain, 400×). (e) Myeloid cells aggregation in heart of JS09GY5 (H&E stain, 400×). (f) Hemangioma and ML tumor coexisted in the liver of JS09GY3 (H&E stain, 400×), the tumor cells in the ML were observed (inserted, 1,000×); (a) Hemangioma, (b) ML. Recombinant avian leukosis viruses of subgroup J isolated from field infected commercial layer chickens with hemangioma and myeloid leukosis possess an insertion in the E element. Wu X, Qian K, Qin A, Shen H, Wang P, Jin W, Eltahir YM - Veterinary research communications (2010). Not Altered. CC.
Cavernous Hemangiomas. Courtesy of Nephron. Not altered. CC.
Juvenile Hemangiomas aka Infantile Hemangioma Clinical Picture. A discrete proliferating infantile hemangioma on the forehead (A), scalp (B), cheek (C), and upper lip (D) of affected infants. Biology of infantile hemangioma. Itinteang T, Withers AH, Davis PF, Tan ST - Frontiers in surgery (2014). Not altered. CC.
Hemangioma. Hemangioma of the liver as seen on ultrasound James Heilman, MD - Not altered. CC BY-SA 3.0

Angiosarcoma

An angiosarcoma is a malignant proliferation of vascular endothelial cells that is extremely aggressive.

Common sites that angiosarcomas may occur include the:

Skin
Breast
Liver

Exposure to Thorotrast (a suspension of radioactive thorium dioxide particles), polyvinyl chloride, and arsenic is linked to liver angiosarcoma.

Exposure to radiation to treat breast cancer may result in angiosarcoma of the breast approximately 10 years after the radiation treatment.

Angiosarcoma. Three different types of scalp angiosarcoma. (a) ulcer type (b) bruise type (c) nodular type Jun Ho Choi, Kyung Chan Ahn, Hak Chang, Kyung Won Minn, Ung Sik Jin, and Byung Jun Kim - Not altered. CC BY 4.0
Angiosarcoma. Immunostained CD31 in a cutaneous angiosarcoma No machine-readable author provided. KGH assumed (based on copyright claims). Not altered, CC BY-SA 3.0
Angiosarcoma. Transformation from centrally located angiosarcoma high grade (left) to more vasculated and well differentiated tumor areas in the periphery; H&E 40×. Primary angiosarcoma of the ovary with prominent fibrosis of the ovarian stroma. Case report of an 81-year old patient. Bösmüller H, Gruber C, Haitchi-Petnehazy S, Wagner D, Webersinke G, Hauptmann S - Diagnostic pathology (2011). Not altered. CC.
Angiosarcoma. Centrally located angiosarcoma high grade with fusiform tumor component. CD31 staining 400×. Primary angiosarcoma of the ovary with prominent fibrosis of the ovarian stroma. Case report of an 81-year old patient. Bösmüller H, Gruber C, Haitchi-Petnehazy S, Wagner D, Webersinke G, Hauptmann S - Diagnostic pathology (2011). Not altered. CC.
Angiosarcoma. Centrally located high grade angiosarcoma exhibiting atypical mitosis; H&E 200×. Primary angiosarcoma of the ovary with prominent fibrosis of the ovarian stroma. Case report of an 81-year old patient. Bösmüller H, Gruber C, Haitchi-Petnehazy S, Wagner D, Webersinke G, Hauptmann S - Diagnostic pathology (2011). Not altered. CC.

Kaposi Sarcoma

Kaposi sarcoma is a low-grade malignant proliferation of endothelial cells.

Kaposi sarcoma is associated with:

Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection
HIV infections

Kaposi sarcoma presents as purple plaques, nodules, and patches appear on the skin.

Visceral organs may also be affected in Kaposi sarcoma.

Kaposi sarcoma is classically seen in:

HIV/AIDS patients
Immunocompromised individuals
Transplant recipients
Older Eastern European males

Kaposi Sarcoma. An example of Kaposi's sarcoma OpenStax College - Not altered. CC BY 3.0
Kaposi Sarcoma. An HIV-positive person presenting with a Kaposi's sarcoma lesion with an overlying candidiasis infection in their mouth Photo Credit: Sol Silverman, Jr., D.D.S. Not altered. Public Domain.
Kaposi Sarcoma. Micrograph of tumor stage. Well-circumscribed spindle-cell tumor. Erythrocytes lie within poorly defined slit-like vascular spaces.[16] Lena Jakob, Gisela Metzler, Ko-Ming Chen, Claus Garbe - Not altered. CC BY 4.0
Kaposi Sarcoma. Micrograph of plaque stage, with bizarre vessels dissecting the upper dermis. There is erythrocyte extravasation and hemosiderin pigmentation.[16] Lena Jakob, Gisela Metzler, Ko-Ming Chen, Claus Garbe - CC BY 4.0
Kaposi Sarcoma. Micrograph of promontory sign in Kaposi's sarcoma in patch stage. Dilated irregular vascular channels surround a pre-existing vessel. Lena Jakob, Gisela Metzler, Ko-Ming Chen, Claus Garbe - Not altered. CC BY 4.0
Kaposi Sarcoma. Micrograph of a Kaposi sarcoma showing the characteristic spindle cells, high vascularity, and intracellular hyaline globs. H&E stain. Nephron - Not altered. CC BY-SA 3.0
Kaposi Sarcoma. Patch stage Kaposi's sarcoma. Red to brownish irregularly shaped macules and plaques. Lena Jakob, Gisela Metzler, Ko-Ming Chen, Claus Garbe - Not altered. CC BY 4.0
Kaposi Sarcoma. Kaposi's sarcoma. Characteristic violaceous plaques on the alar and tip of the nose in an HIV-positive female patient. M. Sand, D. Sand, C. Thrandorf, V. Paech, P. Altmeyer, F. G. Bechara - M. Sand, D. Sand, C. Thrandorf, V. Paech, P. Altmeyer, F. G. Bechara: Not altered. CC BY 2.0
Vascular Tumors. Micrograph of promontory sign in Kaposi's sarcoma in patch stage. Dilated irregular vascular channels surround a pre-existing vessel.[16] Lena Jakob, Gisela Metzler, Ko-Ming Chen, Claus Garbe. Not altered. CC BY 4.0
a) Nodular stage Kaposi's sarcoma containing compact keratin layer in the epidermis (Hematoxylin-Eosin [H-E], x40). (b) Lamellar keratin accumulation on the epidermis at the surface of the lesion (H-E, x100). (c) Neoplastic proliferation consisting of fusiform cells and extravasated erythrocytes in nodular stage Kaposi's sarcoma (H-E, x200).Cutaneous Horn-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma: A Case Report. Onak Kandemir N, Gun BD, Barut F, Solak Tekin N, Ozdamar SO - Case reports in medicine (2010). Not Altered. CC.
Kaposi Sarcoma. Nodular Kaposi sarcoma.A. The dermis is expanded by a solid tumor nodule (H&E stain). B. Fascicles of relatively monomorphic spindled cells, with slit-like vascular channels containing erythrocytes (H&E stain). C. The nuclei of the tumor cells demonstrate immunoreactivity for HHV-8 (LNA-1 immunohistochemical stain). Histological variants of cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma. Grayson W, Pantanowitz L - Diagnostic pathology (2008). Not altered. CC.
Kaposi Sarcoma. Plaque stage Kaposi sarcoma. Large numbers of intracellular and extracellular eosinophilic hyaline globules are visible in this field (H&E stain). The arrows indicate so-called "autolumination", with paranuclear vacuoles containing erythrocytes. Histological variants of cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma. Grayson W, Pantanowitz L - Diagnostic pathology (2008). Not altered. CC.
Kaposi Sarcoma. Patch stage Kaposi sarcoma showing newly formed vessels protruding into a larger vascular space characteristic of the promontory sign (H&E stain). Histological variants of cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma. Grayson W, Pantanowitz L - Diagnostic pathology (2008). Not altered. CC.

Vascular Pathology Study Guides Vascular Tumors Pathology Study Guide

Last updated on January 4, 2026