Chondroma is a benign cartilaginous tumor, which is encapsulated with a lobular growing pattern. 

What is the Pathology of Chondromas?

The pathology of chondromas is:

-Etiology: The cause of chondromas is unknown. 

-Genes involved: IDH1, IDH2.

-Pathogenesis: The sequence of events that lead to chondromas involves mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 resulting in increased levels of the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG.) D-2-HG competitively inhibits alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent enzymes. 

-Histology: The histology associated with chondromas shows plump tumor cells with fine punctate calcification. 

How does Chondromas Present?

Patients with chondromas typically affect both males and females between 5-80 years of age. The symptoms, features, and clinical findings associated with chondromas are often nonspecific and found as a result of a pathologic fracture/trauma or localized versus radiating pain. 

How is Chondromas Diagnosed?

Chondromas are diagnosed by radiography, CT scan, and MRI.

How is Chondromas Treated?

Chondroma is treated by surgically scraped out of the bone.

What is the Prognosis of Chondromas?

The prognosis of chondromas is good since it is self-limiting, and recurrence is rare.