Freckles are also known as ephelis this are groups of pigmented cells found on the skin. 

What is the Pathology of Freckles?

The pathology of freckles is:

-Etiology: The cause of ephelis exposure to the sun.

-Genes involved: MC1R gene.

-Pathogenesis: The sequence of events that lead to freckles is due to the increased production of melanin that is caused by UV-B radiation. This makes the areas affected become darker and more visible.

-Morphology: The morphology associated with freckles shows small dark brown patches in cluster form.

-Histology: The histology associated with freckles shows increased melanin pigments within the basilar epidermis but the melanocytes are not increased.

How does Freckles Present? 

Patients with freckles typically present in childhood adolescence and young adulthood age and are mostly female than males. The symptoms, features, and clinical findings associated with freckles include itching, redness, swelling, peeling, and at times infection.

How is Freckles Diagnosed? 

Freckles are diagnosed by physical exam and history taking.

How are Freckles Treated? 

The Freckles are treated by avoiding direct sunlight, and topical medication, light cryosurgery.

What is the Prognosis of Freckles?

The prognosis of freckles is good since they often respond to medication and they are not malignant.