Metastatic tumors to the ovaries are an advanced stage malignancy that has spread from the cells in the ovaries to distant areas of the body. Most metastatic tumors to the ovary are from the female genital tract. A particularly interesting tumor that metastasized to the ovaries is the Krukenberg tumor.

What is a Krukenberg Tumor?

Krukenberg tumor is a malignancy in the ovary that metastasized from a primary site, classically the gastrointestinal tract, although it can arise in other tissues such as the breast.

What is the Pathology of Krukenberg Tumor?

The pathology of krukenberg tumor is:

-Etiology: The cause of Krukenberg tumor is metastases from gastric cancer.

-Genes involved: KRT7 gene.

-Pathogenesis: The sequence of events that lead to Krukenberg tumor are: signet-ring carcinoma of the stomach, which spread within the bloodstream or lymphatic system or within the peritoneal cavity causing enlargement of the ovaries from metastases. 

-Morphology: The morphology associated with krukenberg tumor shows large, bilateral, solid ovarian masses, with clear well-defined margins and ascites.

-Histology: The histology associated with Krukenberg tumor shows malignant cells.

How does Krukenberg Tumor Present?

Patients with Krukenberg tumor typically in females during reproductive years. The symptoms, features, and clinical findings associated with Krukenberg tumor include abdominal or pelvic pain, abdominal bloating, pain during intercourse, and irregular bleeding. 

How is Krukenberg Tumor Diagnosed?

Krukenberg tumor is diagnosed by pelvic ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, and biopsy.

How is Krukenberg Tumor Treated?

Krukenberg tumor is treated by palliative surgeries including unilateral or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy alone, or a total hysterectomy combined with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.

What is the Prognosis of Krukenberg Tumor?

The prognosis of Krukenberg tumor is poor.