(a) Exposed mouse knee preparation showing the medial tibial plateau (T), and the medial femoral condyle (F) with the meniscus removed. (b) Tibio-femorol cartilage-on-cartilage space decreased to zero during muscular loading. Arrows show cartilage deformation area. In Vivo Dynamic Deformation of Articular Cartilage in Intact Joints Loaded by Controlled Muscular Contractions.
Abusara Z, Von Kossel M, Herzog W - PloS one (2016). Not Altered. CC.
A deformation is an altered shape or position of a body part due to aberrant mechanical force that distorts an otherwise normal structure.
Examples of deformations include:
- Arthrogryposis
- Craniofacial asymmetry
- Erb’s palsy
- Klumpke’s palsy
- Talipes