What is Acute on Chronic Liver Failure?

Acute on Chronic Liver Failure
The expression of BTLA in liver tissues from HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) patients, as detected by immunohistochemistry. (A) BTLA expression was absent in normal liver sections; (B) BTLA expression was absent in liver sections from CHB; (C) strong BTLA staining was observed in benign bile ducts sections from HBV-ACLF patients; (D) strong BTLA staining was observed on infiltrating lymphocytes of sections from HBV-ACLF patients. The arrows indicate infiltrating positive cells, arrowhead indicated the capillaries. The scale bar indicates 20 μm. The intrahepatic expression and distribution of BTLA and its ligand HVEM in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure: Xu H, Cao D, Guo G, Ruan Z, Wu Y, Chen Y - Diagnostic pathology (2012). Not altered. CC.

Acute on chronic liver failure is worsening of clinical conditions in patients with cirrhosis or chronic liver disease.

What is the Pathology of Acute on Chronic Liver Failure?

The pathology of acute on chronic liver failure is:

-Etiology: The cause of acute on chronic liver failure is sepsis, active alcoholism, and relapse of chronic viral hepatitis.

-Genes involved: None.

-Pathogenesis: The sequence of events that lead to acute on chronic liver failure shows intense systemic inflammation sustained by circulating pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns.

-Histology: The histology associated with acute on chronic liver failure shows microscopic features of cirrhosis.

How does Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Present?

Patients with acute on chronic liver failure typically affects male present at the age range of 40-55 years. The symptoms, features, and clinical findings associated with acute on chronic liver failure include jaundice, malaise, ascites, nausea, vomiting, disorientation, and buildup of the fluid in the abdomen.

How is Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Diagnosed?

Acute on chronic liver failure is diagnosed using blood tests, CT and MRI. 

How is Acute on Chronic Liver Failure Treated?

Acute on chronic liver failure is treated with liver transplant and supportive treatment of organ failures.

What is the Prognosis of Acute on Chronic Liver Failure?

The prognosis of acute on chronic liver failure is fair with a life expectancy of 10 years. 

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Last updated on May 24, 2022