Neonatal sepsis is a blood infection that occurs in an infant that is less than 90 days old. Early-onset sepsis is seen in the first week of life. Late onset sepsis occurs after 1 week through 90 days (3 months) old.

What is the Pathology of Neonatal Sepsis?

The pathology of neonatal sepsis is:

–Etiology: The cause of neonatal sepsis is bacteria such as Listeria, Escherichia coli some strains of streptococcus. Group B streptococcus (GBS) has been a major cause of neonatal sepsis.

–Genes involved: SNPs in IL1β and MMP-16 genes.

–Pathogenesis: The sequence of events that lead to neonatal sepsis are early-onset sepsis associated with acquisition of microorganisms from the mother. Infection may occur hematogenously, transplacental, ascending from the cervix.  

–Morphologic changes: The morphologic changes involved with neonatal sepsis includes signs of infection.

How does Neonatal Sepsis Present?

Patients with neonatal sepsis are typically males that present in an age range of 3 days to 120 days. The symptoms, features, and clinical findings associated with neonatal sepsis include breathing problems, body temperature changes, diarrhea, seizures, heart rate changes, low blood sugar.

How is Neonatal Sepsis Diagnosed?

Neonatal sepsis is diagnosed by blood tests for infections which include blood culture, urine tests, and a spinal tap to test for meningitis in the cerebrospinal fluid. 

How is Neonatal Sepsis Treated?

Neonatal sepsis is treated with combined intravenous (IV) aminoglycoside and expanded-spectrum penicillin antibiotic therapy.

What is the Prognosis of Neonatal Sepsis?

The prognosis of neonatal sepsis is poor. Neonatal sepsis may result in death.