What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma. (a) Photomicrograph of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with keratin pearl formation along with glomeruli and tubules (H and E, ×100). (b) Glomerulus and tubules in close relation to keratin pearl of squamous cell carcinoma (H and E, ×400). (c) Photomicrograph of entrapped glomerulus and renal tubules within squamous cell carcinoma (H and E, ×400). (d) Photomicrograph of uninvolved flattened urothelium of pelvicalyceal system (left) keeping a distance from sheets of malignant squamous cells (right) (H and E, ×100). Primary intraparenchymal squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney: a rare and unique entity: Ghosh P, Saha K - Case reports in pathology (2014). Not altered. CC.

Squamous cell carcinoma is a common form of skin cancer that develops in the squamous cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is usually not life-threatening, though it can be aggressive.

What is the Pathology of Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

The pathology of squamous cell carcinoma is:

-Etiology: The cause of squamous cell carcinoma is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet UV radiation, either from sunlight or from tanning beds or lamps.

-Genes involved: TP53, GRM8, BAI3, ERBB4, RUNX1T1, KEAP1, FBXW7, KRAS,

-Pathogenesis: The sequence of events that lead to squamous cell carcinoma is multifactorial and includes many extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The most important extrinsic factor is generally recognized as UV sunlight exposure. As lifetime UV exposure increases, so does the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma.

-Histology: The histology associated with squamous cell carcinoma shows nests of squamous epithelial cells arising from the epidermis and extending into the dermis. The malignant cells are often large with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and a large, often vesicular, nucleus. Variable keratinisation and keratin pearls may be present.

How does Squamous Cell Carcinoma Present?

Patients with squamous cell carcinoma typically more in male at age between 50 and 70 years. The symptoms, features, and clinical findings associated with squamous cell carcinoma include: a firm, red nodule, a flat sore with a scaly crust, a new sore or raised area on an old scar or ulcer, a rough, scaly patch on your lip that may evolve to an open sore, a red sore or rough patch inside your mouth.

How is Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosed?

Squamous cell carcinoma is diagnosed by: skin diagnosis, biopsy of skin lesions, lymph node biopsy, x-ray, and CT scan. 

How is Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated?

Squamous cell carcinoma is treated by surgical excision, cryotherapy, curettage or topical 5-fluorouracil.

What is the Prognosis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

The prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma is good. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) generally has a high survival rate.

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Last updated on May 26, 2022