Squamous metaplasia of the bladder is a benign non-cancerous change (metaplasia) of surfacing lining cells (epithelium) to a squamous morphology.

What is the Pathology of Squamous Metaplasia of the Bladder?

The pathology of squamous metaplasia of the bladder is:

-Etiology: The cause of squamous metaplasia of the bladder is urinary tract infections.

-Genes involved: UP genes.

-Pathogenesis: The sequence of events that lead to squamous metaplasia of the bladder is the excessive formation of squamous epithelium with desquamation and piling of the epithelium, identifying this lesion as a ‘cholesteatoma’. The urothelium is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium which can be classified into keratinizing and nonkeratinizing subtypes. 

-Morphology: The morphology associated with squamous metaplasia of the bladder shows solitary and large at the time of detection, with muscular wall invasion reported in a high proportion of patients. 

-Histology: The histology associated with squamous metaplasia of the bladder shows that the epithelium has abundant intracytoplasmic glycogen, similar to vaginal or cervical squamous epithelium.

How does Squamous Metaplasia of the Bladder Present?

Patients with squamous metaplasia of the bladder typically affect women. The symptoms, features, and clinical findings associated with squamous metaplasia of the bladder include non-specific irritative urinary symptoms including haematuria, dysuria, urgency, and frequency.

How is Squamous Metaplasia of the Bladder Diagnosed?

Squamous metaplasia of the bladder is diagnosed on morphology.

How is Squamous Metaplasia of the Bladder Treated?

Squamous metaplasia of the bladder is treated by transurethral resection, cystectomy, and fulguration.

What is the Prognosis of Squamous Metaplasia of the Bladder? 

The prognosis of squamous metaplasia of the bladder is good.