Cell Death Apoptosis

Cell Death Pathology Study Guide

Cell Death The hallmarks of cell death is loss of the cell nucleus. The mechanism of nuclear loss in cell death includes: Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Pyknosis means nuclear condensation. Karyorrhexis means fragmentation. Karyolysis means dissolution. There are two mechanisms for…
CELL INJURY

Cell Injury Pathology Study Guide

Cell Injury When stress exceeds a cell's ability to adapt, cell injury may occur. The likelihood of cellular injury occurring depends on:  The type(s) of cells involved The type(s) of stress The severity of stress(ors) The duration of the stress(ors)…
Pathosomes

Pathology

Pathology is the study of disease. Pathology involves understanding structural, functional, biochemical, and molecular alterations that occur in diseased states at the genetic, cellular, tissue, organ, and patient level. There are two major branches of pathology, which include: Anatomic pathology Clinical…
Renal Osteodystrophy

What is Renal Osteodystrophy?

Renal osteodystrophy is a broad term that incorporates all the biochemical abnormalities and skeletal manifestations in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease.  What is the Pathology of Renal Osteodystrophy? The pathology of renal osteodystrophy is: -Etiology:…
Teratogen Alcohol

What are Teratogens?

Teratogens are substances that may cause an abnormality following fetal exposure to the teratogen during pregnancy. The first half of pregnancy is the most vulnerable period to teratogens. The types or severity of abnormalities caused by a teratogenic agent depends…
Malformation

What is a Malformation?

A malformation is a non-progressive, congenital morphologic anomaly of a single organ or body part due to an alteration of the primary developmental program. Examples of malformations include: Cleft lipCleft palateCongenital heart defectNeural tube defectsSpina bifida
Angioimmunoblastic-T-Cell-Lymphoma

What is Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma?

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma  is a peripheral T-cell lymphoma characterized by systemic disease, a polymorphous infiltrate involving lymph nodes and a prominent proliferation of high endothelial venules and follicular dendritic cells. What is the Pathology of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma? The pathology…
Anaplastic-Large-Cell-Lymphoma_1_Low-Power_co_Beatriz-Agredano

What is Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma?

Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma  is type of peripheral T cell lymphoma consisting of large lymphoid cells with abundant amphophillic cytoplasm, an ALK gene translocation and expression of ALK protein and CD30. What is the Pathology of Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma? The pathology…
Sezary Syndrome

What is Sézary Syndrome?

Sézary syndrome  is a leukemic variant of cutaneous T cell lymphoma defined by the presence of erythroderma, generalized lymphadenopathy and clonal T cells with cerebriform nuclei. What is the Pathology of Sézary Syndrome? The pathology of Sézary syndrome is: -Etiology:…
Mycosis-Fungoides

What is Mycosis Fungoides?

Mycosis fungoides is a lymphoma of skin-homing CD4+ T-helper cells presenting in the skin.  What is the Pathology of Mycosis Fungoides? The pathology of mycosis fungoides is: -Etiology: The cause of mycosis fungoides is unknown. -Genes involved: None. -Pathogenesis: The…