How do Astrocytes React to Injury?
Astrocytes undergo a process known as gliosis in response to injury. Gliosis is characterized by hypertrophy, proliferation, and subsequent scar formation via the activation of signaling pathways.
What are Neuronal Inclusions?
Neuronal inclusions are basophilic round, oval or crescentic intracytoplasmic inclusions that stain pale blue with H&E staining. Occasionally small vacuoles are found within neuronal inclusions. Neuronal inclusions can be the size of the nucleus of a neuron.
What is Axonal Reaction?
Axonal reaction are changes to axons that take place as a result of axonal damage. Axonal reaction most commonly indicates an axonal damage which follows damage to the cell body. The subsequent neuronal swelling is referred to as central chromatolysis.
What is Chronic Neuronal Injury?
Chronic neuronal injury refers to a series of biochemical pathways that leads to necrosis and apoptosis over a long period of time. This involves memory loss, motor dysfunction, and neurogenic inflammation. Chronic neuronal injury is mostly irreversible.
What is Subacute Neuronal Injury?
Subacute neuronal injury is neuronal death due to a progressive disease. The death is usually due to apoptosis and is associated with reactive gliosis. This includes cognitive defects, confusion, and impaired information processing.
What are Red Neurons?
A red neuron is a pathological finding in neurons which indicates an acute neuronal injury. It leads to eventual necrosis or apoptosis. The red color of red neurons is due to pyknosis and loss of Nissl bodies.
How do Neurons React to Injury?
Neurons react to injury in many ways which include: Red neurons Subacute neuronal InjuryChronic neuronal Injury Axonal reaction Neuronal inclusions
WHAT IS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PATHOLOGY?
Central nervous system pathology comprises of all the neurological disorders that affect the structure or function of the brain or spinal cord, which together make up the central nervous system (CNS). Each disease has its own set of signs and…
What are the Mechanisms of Cell Injury?
The cellular response to injury depends on the specific type of injury, how severe the injury is, and how long the injury is for. The mechanisms of cell injury may involve the following: Depletion of ATPMitochondrial damageInflux of calcium and…
What is Cellular Necrosis?
Cellular necrosis is identified as cell death due to multiple factors, such as cell swelling, loss of plasma membrane integrity, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) depletion, which leads to calcium influx. Early research categorizes cell death in two distinct types: necrosis…