AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS

WHAT ARE AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS?

Autoimmune disorders are conditions in which the body's immune system misidentifies and attacks its own healthy tissues as foreign. The majority of which causes inflammation, which can affect various parts of the body. Autoimmune disorders are due to autoimmunity, which…
IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDERS

WHAT ARE IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDERS?

What Are Immunodeficiency Disorders?   Immunodeficiency disorders are those which impair the immune system's ability to defend the body against foreign or abnormal cells that invade or attack it such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and cancer cells.     Immunodeficiency disorders include primary…
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

WHAT ARE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS?

Hypersensitivity reactions are exaggerated or inappropriate immunologic responses occurring in response to an allergen or antigen. There are four types of hypersensitivity reactions that include immediate hypersensitivity reactions or delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions occur within 24 hours…
CAUSES OF INFLAMMATION

WHAT IS INFLAMMATION?

Inflammation is a response to injury or infection in order to defend the body from viruses, bacteria, or perceived immunologic threats. Inflammation usually consists of two phases; the acute phase, and the chronic phase. The inflammatory process involves the activation…
GLAUCOMATOUS OPTIC NERVE DAMAGE

What is Glaucomatous Optic Nerve Damage?

Glaucomatous optic nerve damage can be caused by high intraocular pressure or other factors such as age-related changes in ocular anatomy. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy results from progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells, which are responsible for transmitting visual information to…
OPTIC NEURITIS

What is Optic Neuritis?

Optic neuritis is vision change or loss due to demyelinization of the optic nerve. Optic neuritis is classically associated with multiple sclerosis.