THYMIC HYPERPLASIA

What is Thymic Hyperplasia?

The term thymic hyperplasia is an inaccurate term.Although it is referred to as "thymic hyperplasia", thymic hyperplasia is actually due to thymic follicular hyperplasia.Thymic hyperplasia may be seen in autoimmune conditions such as, graves disease, lupus erythematous, scleroderma, and rheumatoid…
CONGESTIVE SPLENOMEGALY

WHAT IS CONGESTIVE SPLENOMEGALY?

Congestive splenomegaly can be due to chronic outflow obstruction. This may be due to obstruction of the splenic vein or extra hepatic portal vein. Congestive splenomegaly may lead to splenic or portal vein hypertension. Cirrhosis is a common cause of…
NONSPECIFIC ACUTE SPLENITIS

WHAT IS NONSPECIFIC ACUTE SPLENITIS?

Nonspecific acute splenitis is inflammation of the spleen that is often accompanied by enlargement. The inflammation may be due to micro-organisms or the immune modulators such as cytokines that are released as a response.
THE POSSIBLE CLASSIFICATIONS OF LYMPHOID OR HEMATOPOIETIC TUMORS

WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE CLASSIFICATIONS OF LYMPHOID OR HEMATOPOIETIC TUMORS?

Lymphoid neoplasms precursor lymphoid neoplasmsB-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphomaB-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, not otherwise specifiedB-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with recurrent genetic abnormalitiesB-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2); BCR-ABL1B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(v;11q23.3); KMT2A rearrangedB-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(12;21)(p13.2;q22.1); ETV6-RUNX1B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with hyperdiploidyB-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with hypodiploidyB-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(5;14)(q31.1;q32.3); IL3-IGHB-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with…
XEROSTOMIA

WHAT IS XEROSTOMIA?

Xerostomia is dry mouth due to decreased saliva production. This can be due to medication side effects, radiation side effects, or inflammation. Xerostomia presents as dry mouth. Complications of xerostomia include oral candidiasis and dental cavities. Xerostomia is classically associated…
THE MALIGNANT SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS

WHAT ARE THE MALIGNANT SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS?

Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors: Acinic cell carcinomaAdenoid cystic carcinomaClear cell carcinomaMucoepidermoid carcinomaOncocytic carcinomaBasal cell adenocarcinomaSecretory carcinomaEpithelial-myoepithelial carcinomaPolymorphous adenocarcinomaSebaceous adenocarcinomaIntraductal carcinomaSalivary duct carcinomaAdenocarcinoma, NOSMyoepithelial carcinomaCarcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenomaPoorly differentiated carcinomaSquamous cell carcinomaCarcinocarcinomaLymphoepithelial carcinomaSialoblastoma
Pleomorphic Adenoma

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR SALIVARY GLAND DISORDERS?

One must consider the different types of salivary glands. There are four types of salivary glands; three major, and one minor. The three major salivary glands consist of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual. The minor salivary glands consist of many…
A PYOGENIC GRANULOMA

WHAT IS A PYOGENIC GRANULOMA?

A pyogenic granuloma is a benign overgrowth of capillaries. Pyogenic granulomas are also referred to as capillary granulomas or lobular capillary hemangiomas. They are often found on the gums, nasal septum, and skin. They may occur at any age. Pathology…