Pneumothorax

Pleura Pathology Study Guide

Pleura pathology involves abnormalities of the pleura. Pleura pathology includes: Pneumothorax Mesothelioma Pneumothorax Pneumothorax is air buildup in the pleural space. Spontaneous pneumothorax is because of rupture of an emphysematous bleb. Pneumothorax leads to collapse of a portion of the…
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Respiratory Distress Syndrome Pathology Study Guide

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is due to damage to the alveolar-capillary junction that is widespread (diffuse alveolar damage). Edema and the development of hyaline membranes in alveoli are caused by the leakage of protein-rich fluid.…
Pulmonary Pathology

Lung Cancer Pathology Study Guide

Lung Cancer In the United States of America (USA), lung cancer is the cancer that kills people most commonly. Key risk factors for lung cancer include: Cigarette smoke Radon exposure Asbestos exposure Because of the more than 60 carcinogens found…
Nasopharynx and Larynx Pathology

Nasopharynx and Larynx Pathology Study Guide

Nasopharynx Rhinitis Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Adenoviruses are the most commonly known cause of rhinitis. Common symptoms of rhinitis include: Sneezing Congestion Runny nose A type I hypersensitivity reaction (such as one in response to pollen) causes…
Smoking-Related Interstitial Diseases that Cause Restrictive Lung Diseases

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathology Study Guide

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Airflow obstruction from the lungs is a symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease. A triad of disorders are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary…
Asteroid Body in Sarcoidosis

Restrictive Lung Diseases Pathology Study Guide

Restrictive Lung Diseases Restrictive lung diseases are characterized by restricted filling of the lung where the FVC is more decreased than FEV1 resulting in a FEV1/FVC ratio of above 70%. Restrictive lung diseases are most commonly caused by interstitial diseases…
VASCULAR PATHOLOGY

Pulmonary Hypertension Pathology Study Guide

Pulmonary Hypertension Pulmonary hypertension refers to a form of high blood pressure that affects the pulmonary circuit (mean arterial pressure > 25 mmHg; normal is 10 mmHg). Pulmonary hypertension condition is characterized by atherosclerosis of the pulmonary trunk, smooth muscle…
Interstitial Pneumonia

Pulmonary Infections Pathology Study Guide

Pulmonary Infections Pulmonary infections are disease of the lungs due to microorganisms. Pulmonary infections include: Pneumonia (various types) Tuberculosis Pneumonia Pneumonia is a parenchymal lung infection. Pneumonia may occur when the body's natural defenses are weakened (e.g. impaired cough reflex,…