What are Exophytic Papillomas of the Bladder?

Exophytic Papillomas of the Bladder
All slides except immunohistochemical reactions are stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. a Normal respiratory epithelium in the bronchial lining without blood vessels. The cells are separated from the stroma by eosinophilic membranous substance. Patient with lung cancer. Original magnification ×160. b Transition from normal respiratory epithelium to the metaplastic squamous epithelium in the bronchial lining. Original magnification ×120. c Penetration of capillaries in the metaplastic squamous epithelium in the bronchial wall of the same patient Original magnification ×200. d Absence of blood capillaries in the normal transitional cell lining of the bladder. Original magnification ×160. e Stalk of the bladder papilloma rich in capillaries. Original magnification ×120. f Carcinoma in situ of the bladder without blood vessels. Original magnification ×200. g Blood capillaries in the vagina of the fetus of 24 weeks of gestation. Original magnification ×120. h Eosinophilic membranous substance under the glandular lining of the future uterus in embryo of 23 weeks of gestation Original magnification ×100. i Schematic drawing of the same figure (Fig. 2h). The layer of the membranous substance is indicated by arrows. Impairment of vascularization of the surface covering epithelium induces ischemia and promotes malignization: a new hypothesis of a possible mechanism of cancer pathogenesis. Karseladze AI - Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico (2014). Not altered. CC.

Exophytic papillomas of the bladder are an uncommon benign exophytic neoplasm composed of a delicate fibrovascular core covered by normal-appearing urothelium. 

What is the Pathology of Exophytic Papillomas of the Bladder?

The pathology of exophytic papillomas of the bladder is:

-Etiology: The cause of exophytic papillomas of the bladder is unknown.

-Genes involved: KRAS / HRAS.

-Pathogenesis: The sequence of events that lead to exophytic papillomas of the bladder is encountered as a de novo lesion (without prior urothelial neoplasm).

-Morphology: The morphology associated with exophytic papillomas of the bladder shows soft, pink, small isolated growth with delicate papillary structures, usually pedunculated.

-Histology: The histology associated with exophytic papillomas of the bladder shows discrete papillary structures with central fibrovascular cores with hierarchical branching patterns but without fusion.

How does Exophytic Papillomas of the Bladder Present?

Patients with exophytic papillomas of the bladder typically affect males at less than 50 years of age. The symptoms, features, and clinical findings associated with exophytic papillomas of the bladder include painless hematuria which can either be gross or microscopic.

How is Exophytic Papillomas of the Bladder Diagnosed?

Exophytic papillomas of the bladder are diagnosed by ultrasound, cystoscopy, and biopsy. 

How are Exophytic Papillomas of the Bladder Treated?

Exophytic papillomas of the bladder are treated by resection such as transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).

What is the Prognosis of Exophytic Papillomas of the Bladder?

The prognosis of exophytic papillomas of the bladder is fair. 

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Last updated on May 16, 2022