Pathology Study Guides

Pathosomes

Pathology

Pathology is the study of disease. Pathology involves understanding structural, functional, biochemical, and molecular alterations that...

Pathology Study Guide


Growth Adaptations Pathology Study Guide

GROWTH ADAPTATIONS

Growth Adaptations Pathology Study Guide

Growth Adaptations An organ ideally exists in homeostasis with the physiologic stress that it is...

Cellular Pathology Study Guides

Free Radicals

Free Radicals Pathology Study Guide

Free Radicals Free radicals are chemical compounds that have unpaired electrons in their outer shell...
CELL INJURY

Cell Injury Pathology Study Guide

Cell Injury When stress exceeds a cell’s ability to adapt, cell injury may occur. The...
Cell Death Apoptosis

Cell Death Pathology Study Guide

Cell Death The hallmarks of cell death is loss of the cell nucleus. The mechanism...

Necrosis Pathology Study Guide

Caseous Necrosis

Necrosis Pathology Study Guide

Necrosis Necrosis is the premature pathologic death of cells in living tissue. Acute inflammation can...

Amyloidosis Pathology Study Guide

Amyloidosis

Amyloidosis Pathology Study Guide

Amyloidosis Amyloid refers to various fibrous, extracellular, proteinaceous deposits. Amyloidosis is the abnormal buildup of...

Inflammation Pathology Study Guide

Neutrophils Role In Acute Inflammation

Inflammation Pathology Study Guide

Inflammation Inflammation enables fluid, plasma proteins (such as complement), and inflammatory cells to leave blood...

Wound Healing Pathology Study Guide

Cutaneous Wound Healing

Wound Healing Pathology Study Guide

Wound Healing When inflammation starts, the healing process is initiated.  Healing occurs as a result...

Primary Immunodeficiency Pathology Study Guide

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Primary Immunodeficiency Pathology Study Guide

Primary Immunodeficiency Primary immune deficiency diseases (PIDDs) are uncommon immune system-damaging hereditary illnesses. Primary immune...

Autoimmune Disorders Pathology Study Guide

AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS

Autoimmune Disorders Pathology Study Guide

Autoimmune Disorders Characterized by tissue damage caused by the immune system. In the US, the...

Neoplasia Pathology Study Guide

Colonic Polyps

Neoplasia Pathology Study Guide

Neoplasia  Neoplasia means new growth. Neoplasia begins as a single mutated cell. Prior to the...

Hemostasis Pathology Study Guides

Virchow’s Triad

Thrombosis and Embolism Pathology Study Guide

Thrombosis Pathologic development of an intravascular blood clot may result in a thrombus. Thrombosis may...
Secondary Hemostasis

Secondary Hemostasis Pathology Study Guide

Secondary Hemostasis The whole point of secondary hemostasis is to stabilize the platelet plug. The...
Primary Hemostasis

Primary Hemostasis Pathology Study Guide

Primary Hemostasis Step 1: Transient Vasoconstriction of Damaged Vessel A vascular spasm is activated which...
THE PATHOLOGY OF HEMOSTASIS

Other Disorders of Hemostasis Pathology Study Guide

Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia Heparin induced thrombocytopenia is the destruction of platelets that results from heparin...
Hemostasis

Hemostasis Pathology Study Guide

Hemostasis The body’s natural response to an injury that stops the bleeding and fixes the...

Anemia Pathology Study Guides

Normocytic Anemia

Normocytic Anemia Pathology Study Guide

Normocytic Anemia Normocytic anemia is anemia with normal sized red blood cells (MCV = 80...
Microcytic Anemias

Microcytic Anemia Pathology Study Guide

Microcytic Anemias Anemia with MCV < 80 fL/m3 Microcytic anemias are due to decreased production...
Macrocytic Anemia

Macrocytic Anemia Pathology Study Guide

Macrocytic Anemia Microcytic anemia is anemia with MCV > 100 micrometer3. Microcytic anemia is usually...
Iron-deficiency Anemia, Peripheral Blood Smear

Anemia Pathology Study Guide

Anemia Anemia is characterized by the reduction in circulating red blood cell (RBC) mass. Anemia...

Leukemia and Lymphoma Pathology Study Guides

Multiple Myeloma

Plasma Cell Disorder Pathology Study Guide

Plasma Cell Disorders (Dyscrasias) Plasma cell disorders are also known as plasma cell dyscrasias. Examples...
Increased Reticulin in Marrow in Myeloproliferative Disorder

Myeloproliferative Disorders Pathology Study Guide

Myeloproliferative Disorders Myeloproliferative disorders are neoplastic proliferation of myeloid cells. Myeloproliferative disorders typically occur in...
Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma

Lymphoma Pathology Study Guide

Lymphadenopathy (LAD) Large lymph nodes are referred to as lymphadenopathy (LAD). Typically, lymph nodes that...
Leukopenia

Leukopenia and Leukocytosis Pathology Study Guide

Leukopenia and Leukocytosis Hematopoiesis is a stepwise maturation of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. From the...
Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Pathology Study Guide

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis The skin is the primary location of Langerhans cells, which are specialized...
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma

Chronic Leukemia Pathology Study Guide

Chronic Leukemia Chronic leukemia involves leukemia of mature blood cells. Chronic leukemia is typically insidious...
T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma (T-ALL)

Acute Leukemia Pathology Study Guide

Acute Leukemia Acute leukemia is the neoplastic proliferation of blast cells. The abnormal blood cells...

Vascular Pathology Study Guides

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

Vasculitis Pathology Study Guide

Vasculitis Vasculitis is inflammation of the blood vessel wall. The arterial wall is made of...
Juvenile Hemangiomas aka Infantile Hemangioma Clinical Picture

Vascular Tumors Pathology Study Guide

Vascular Tumors Vascular tumors are abnormal growths of vascular tissue. Vascular tumors include: Hemangioma A...
Polyarteritis Nodosa

Vascular Pathology Study Guide

Vascular pathology refers to disorders that effect the vascular system. Key take home points to...
Acute Rheumatic Fever

Valvular Disorders Pathology Study Guide

Valvular Disorders The heart has four valves: The cardiac valves ideally prevent backflow. Valvular lesions...
Hypertension

Hypertension Pathology Study Guide

Hypertension A blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or greater indicates high blood pressure, aka hypertension...
Arteriosclerosis

Arteriosclerosis, Aortic Dissection and Aneurysm Pathology Study Guide

Arteriosclerosis Arteriosclerosis is due to the blood artery wall thickening, literally “hard arteries.” The types...

Cardiac Pathology Study Guides

Ischemic Heart Disease

Ischemic Heart Disease Pathology Study Guide

Ischemic Heart Disease Ischemic heart disease is a group of syndromes associated with myocardial ischemia...
Congestive Heart Failure

Heart Failure Pathology Study Guide

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Congestive heart failure is pump failure of the heart. Congestive heart...
Endocarditis Pathology

Endocarditis Pathology Study Guide

Endocarditis Endocarditis is inflammation of the endocardium. Endocarditis is typically brought on by a bacterial...
Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital Heart Defects Pathology Study Guide

Congenital Heart Defects Congenital heart defects occur throughout embryogenesis (usually weeks 3 through 8). Congenital...
Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy Pathology Study Guide

Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy is a progressive heart disease that may affect heart function. Examples of cardiomyopathy...
Cardiac Tumors

Cardiac Tumors Pathology Study Guide

Cardiac Tumors Cardiac tumors are neoplastic conditions that effect the heart. Cardiac tumors to be...

Central Nervous System Pathology Study Guides

Intracranial Pressure

Traumatic Brain Injuries Pathology Study Guide

Epidural Hematoma An epidural hematoma develops when blood accumulates between the skull and dura mater...
Hydromyelia

Spinal Cord Pathology Study Guide

Spinal Cord Lesions Spinal cord lesions are pathologic issues that effect the spinal cord. Examples...
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PATHOLOGY

Meningitis Pathology Study Guide

Meningitis Meningitis is the technical term for inflammation of the leptomeninges. The leptomeninges are made...
Cerebrovascular Disease

Cerebrovascular Disease Pathology Study Guide

Cerebrovascular Disease Cerebrovascular disease is a significant source of morbidity and mortality due to cerebrovascular...
Oligodendroglioma

Central Nervous System Tumors Pathology Study Guide

CNS Tumors Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are abnormal growths that involve the central nervous...
Trauma of the Central Nervous System

Central Nervous System Developmental Pathology Study Guide

Central Nervous System Developmental Anomalies Neural Tube Defects The incomplete closure of the neural tube...

Peripheral Nervous System Pathology Study Guides

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Neurodegenerative Disorders Pathology Study Guide

Neurodegenerative Disorders Neurodegenerative disorders are degenerative conditions that effect the central nervous system (CNS). In...
Pick Disease

Demyelinating Disorders Pathology Study Guide

Demyelinating Disorders Demyelinating disorders are pathologic conditions due to the degeneration of myelin. Axons are...

Pulmonary Pathology Study Guides

Asteroid Body in Sarcoidosis

Restrictive Lung Diseases Pathology Study Guide

Restrictive Lung Diseases Restrictive lung diseases are characterized by restricted filling of the lung where...
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Respiratory Distress Syndrome Pathology Study Guide

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is due to damage to the...
Interstitial Pneumonia

Pulmonary Infections Pathology Study Guide

Pulmonary Infections Pulmonary infections are disease of the lungs due to microorganisms. Pulmonary infections include:...
VASCULAR PATHOLOGY

Pulmonary Hypertension Pathology Study Guide

Pulmonary Hypertension Pulmonary hypertension refers to a form of high blood pressure that affects the...
Pneumothorax

Pleura Pathology Study Guide

Pleura pathology involves abnormalities of the pleura. Pleura pathology includes: Pneumothorax Pneumothorax is air buildup...
Nasopharynx and Larynx Pathology

Nasopharynx and Larynx Pathology Study Guide

Nasopharynx Rhinitis Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Adenoviruses are the most commonly known...
Pulmonary Pathology

Lung Cancer Pathology Study Guide

Lung Cancer In the United States of America (USA), lung cancer is the cancer that...
Smoking-Related Interstitial Diseases that Cause Restrictive Lung Diseases

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathology Study Guide

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Airflow obstruction from the lungs is a symptom of chronic...

Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Guides

Helicobacter Pylori, Stomach Biopsy, Giemsa Stain

Stomach Pathology Study Guide

Stomach pathology includes: Gastroschisis Gastroschisis is a congenital malformation of the anterior abdominal wall results...
Volvulus

Small Bowel Pathology Study Guide

Small bowel pathology includes: Duodenal Atresia Duodenal atresia is due to a congenital failure of...
SALIVARY GLAND PATHOLOGY

Salivary Gland Pathology Study Guide

Salivary Gland Pathology Saliva is produced by exocrine salivary glands, which are found inside the...
Infections of the Oral Cavity

Oral Cavity Pathology Study Guide

Oral cavity pathology includes: Cleft Lip The five facial prominences grow and usually unite to...
Esophageal Cancer

Esophagus Pathology Study Guide

Esophagus pathology includes: Tracheoesophageal Fistula A tracheoesophageal fistula is a congenital abnormality. The most typical...
Hirschsprung Disease

Colon Pathology Study Guide

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic, recurrent inflammation of bowel. Inflammatory...

Hepatobiliary Pathology Study Guides

Cirrhosis of the liver (trichrome stain)

Liver Pathology Study Guide

Jaundice Jaundice is yellow discoloration of the skin due to liver injury. The first indication...
Cholecystitis

Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Pathology Study Guide

Gallbladder and biliary tract pathology includes: Biliary Atresia Biliary atresia is due to failure of...

Kidney Pathology Study Guides

Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary Tract Infections Pathology Study Guide

Urinary Tract Infections Urinary tract infections are infection of the urethra, bladder, or kidney. Urinary...
Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephrotic Syndrome Pathology Study Guide

Nephrotic Syndrome Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria and glomerular disorders leading to hypoalbuminemia-pitting edema...
Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis

Nephritic Syndrome Pathology Study Guide

Nephritic Syndrome Nephritic syndromes are characterized by bleeding. Nephritic syndromes show glomerular inflammation and bleeding...
Renal Cell Carcinoma

Kidney and Bladder Neoplasia Pathology Study Guide

Kidney and bladder neoplasia includes: Angiomyolipoma Angiomyolipoma is a disorder where benign kidney tumors develop...
Congenital Horseshoe Kidney

Congenital Pathology of the Kidney Pathology Study Guide

Congenital pathology of the kidney are disorders that effect the kidneys at birth. Congenital pathology...
Chronic Renal Failure

Chronic Renal Failure Pathology Study Guide

Chronic Renal Failure Chronic renal failure is end-stage kidney failure. Chronic renal failure is caused...
Acute Renal Failure Pathology

Acute Renal Failure Pathology Study Guide

Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Acute renal failure (ARF) is the acute, severe decrease in renal...

Female Reproductive Tract Pathology Study Guides

Hidradenoma Papilliferum of the Vulva

Vulva Pathology Study Guide

Vulva The skin and mucosa of the female genitalia external to the hymen, including the...
Pathology of the Vagina

Vagina Pathology Study Guide

Vagina The vagina is the canal that leads to the cervix. The vagina is lined...
Infections of the Female Genital System

Uterus Pathology Study Guide

Uterus The uterus is responsible for incubating human life. The mucosal lining of the uterus...
Mature Cystic Teratoma of the Ovary

Ovary Pathology Study Guide

Ovary The follicle is the ovary’s functional unit. An oocyte and granulosa and theca cells...
What Characterizes Placental Abnormalities

Gestational Pathology Study Guide

Gestational pathology is pathology of the placenta or embryo. Gestational pathology includes: Ectopic Pregnancy Ectopic...
HPV-Infected Squamous Cell (Koilocyte) of the Cervix

Cervix Pathology Study Guide

Cervix The cervix refers to the uterus neck. The cervix is comprised of: Nonkeratinizing squamous...

Breast Pathology Study Guide

Fibroadenoma

Breast Pathology Study Guide

Breast The breast is essentially a modified sweat gland embryologically derived from the skin. The...

Male Reproductive Tract Pathology Study Guides

Cryptorchidism

Testicle Pathology Study Guide

Testicle pathology refers to lesions, disorders, and tumors that affect the testes. Testicle pathology includes:...
Prostate Adenocarcinoma

Prostate Pathology Study Guide

Prostate The prostate is a small, round gland in men that helps in the production...
Congenital Anomalies of the Penis

Penis Pathology Study Guide

Penis pathology refers to lesions or abnormalities of the penis. Penis pathology includes: Hypospadias Hypospadias...

Endocrine Pathology Study Guides

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid Gland Pathology Study Guide

Thyroid gland pathology includes: Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Thyroglossal duct cyst is a cystic dilation of...
Cells of the Pituitary Gland

Posterior Pituitary Gland Pathology Study Guide

Posterior Pituitary Gland The hypothalamus produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which are subsequently sent...
Parathyroid Adenoma, FNA

Parathyroid Gland Pathology Study Guide

Parathyroid Glands The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH). Parathyroid hormone (PTH): Primary Hyperparathyroidism A...
Acute Pancreatitis

Pancreas Pathology Study Guide

Exocrine Pancreas The exocrine pancreas is responsible for secretion of ions, water, and digestive enzymes into...
Graves Disease

Endocrine Pathology Study Guide

The Endocrine System The body’s ability to convert calories into energy that fuels cells and...
Mammosomatotroph Adenomas

Anterior Pituitary Gland Pathology Study Guide

Pituitary Adenoma Pituitary adenoma is a benign tumor of anterior pituitary cells. Pituitary adenomas may...
Adrenal Cortex

Adrenal Gland Pathology Study Guide

Adrenal Cortex The largest and outermost portion of an adrenal gland is called the adrenal...

Musculoskeletal Pathology Study Guides

Lipoma

Soft Tissue Tumors Pathology Study Guide

Lipoma A lipoma is a benign tumor composed of adipose tissue that typically develops just...
MUSCLE PATHOLOGY

Skeletal Muscle Pathology Study Guide

Skeletal muscle pathology is the study of diseases and disorders that effect skeletal muscle. In...
Gout monosodium urate crystals in joint fluid

Joint Pathology Study Guide

Joint pathology is the study of diseases and disorders that effect the joints. In this...
Osteosarcoma

Bone Pathology Study Guide

Bone Pathology Achondroplasia Achondroplasia literally means without chondrocyte growth. A-chondro-plasia. Achondroplasia is characterized by decreased...

Skin Pathology Study Guide

Steven-Johnson-Syndrome

Skin Pathology Study Guide

Skin The skin serves as a defense against fluid loss and environmental irritants. Skin is...

Study Guides

Disease Information

A-Z Contents

Please note that all material is reviewed by practicing medical doctors. The contents of this site are a living body of work, and are in a continuous cycle of improvement. No medical advice or recommendations are provided on this site, for those questions please speak to your physician.